Glass | Corning Eagle XG, Eagle 2000, Borafloat, Standard float (soda-lime) |
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Tempered Glass | Chemical or Heat Tempered |
Thicknesses: |
0.01" (0.25 mm) to 0.5" (12.7 mm) standard. (For others, consult Fullchance) 70 µm & 100 µm On Special Request |
Plain Version: | All from 1/2" sq. or round, to 24” x 24" (610 mm x 610 mm) |
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Patterned: | Sizes from 1/2" sq. to 14” x 18" (355 mm x 457 mm) |
Many Custom Variations Available: (consult Fullchance) |
Circular domes Curved plates Wide variations on voltage and power are possible |
Tolerances for sizing:± 0.002" (0.05 mm) |
Ion Beam Sputtering (Superior Process)
Commercial Displays, Avionics and Military Displays
± 2.5% across full sheet
1: Sputtered Cr/Ni/Au, Solder reflow, 10K PSI (pull test)
2: Flex Cable
3: Wraparound (see diagram)
- Defects: < 5 micron on large substrates
- Imbedded Particle < 2 micron
- Surface Roughness: < 20 Å RMS, for each side
-
Inspection Quality:
80/50 to 20/10 (5K Lux)
Thermal Imaging
Abrasion: 200 strokes @ 10Kgm (Mil C-675)
Adhesion: Snap Test (Mil M-13508)
Solubility: > 24 hours in Sodium Chloride, Fog and Solution (Mil C-675)
Temperature: > 12 hours @ -55 to 350°C
Class 100, or as required.
Tested Power Rating: | 0.05 to 20 watts /sq.in. (Configuration dependant) |
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Heating Uniformity: | Sizes from 1/2" sq. to 14” x 18" (355 mm x 457 mm) |
Heater Types: | Plain I.T.O. | I.M.ITO™ | I.M.ITO™ | Grid / Patterned |
---|---|---|---|---|
Transmissions: * | 75 – 85% | 85 94% | * 90 – 98% | IR 90% |
Vs. Wavelength: | 400-700nm | 400-700nm | 400-700nm | 1 – 10 µm |
Resistivity, nominal (ohms/sq.) | 2 to 350 | 2 to 350 | 2 to 350 | 5 to 50 |
* ITO Thickness Dependent |
Resistivity (Ohm – Cmm) |
Thickness Å |
TCR Thermal Coefficient of Resistivity |
General Nature | |
---|---|---|---|---|
ppm@25˚C | ||||
ITO Transparent | 1.5x10 -4 | 1500 Å | 1500+200 | Transparent |
SiOiCr | 7.2x10 -4 | 1500 Å | 100+25 | Black |
Inconel | 4.5x10 -4 | 1500 Å | *150+25 | Metal (grid) |
NiCr | 3.5x10 -4 | 1500 Å | *300+50 | Metal (grid) |
TaN | 4.5x10 -4 | 1500 Å | *100+50 | Ceramic |
AI | 4.6x10 -6 | 1500 Å | 450+50 | Metal (grid) |
Others Available Upon Request |
For the final manufacture of a heater, the resistance for the heater (ohms) is converted to resistivity (*ohms/sq.)
This value is a function of the length of the heater (L) and the width (W) as it relates to the total resistance. L is the size between bus bars.
The Heater consumes power per Ohms Law: P= E2 + R
B. Silver Epoxy
C. Copper Tape
Transparent heaters are essential to use for challenging environments for cameras, LCD’s & electro-optical devices below -10ºC. The application in Avionics, cameras, LCD’s & locomotives require heaters so they can operate in cold and severe climates. Applying a heater is the simplest solution. The transparent heater is usually made by only I.T.O. or I.M.I.T.O. ™ with higher transmittance. The resistance of the heater determines the rate of heat required and power utilization. The lower the resistance, it requires higher power and higher rates of heating.
Connection: Bus bar to heating surface.
Resistivity |
Thickness Å | TCR/PPM | General Nature | |
---|---|---|---|---|
I.T.O. | 1.5x10 -4 | 1500 Å | 1500 ±250 | Transparent |
Sn02 | 3.5 x 10 -4 | 1500 Å | 1500 ±100 | Transparent |
NiCr | 3.5 x 10 -4 | 1500 Å | 300 ±50 | Opaque |
TaN | 4.5x10 -4 | 1500 Å | 150 ±50 | Opaque |
Inconel | 4.5x10 -4 | 1500 Å | 225 ±50 | Opaque |
Si0iCr | 7.2 x 10 -4 | 1500 Å | 150 ±50 | Opaque |
Power Recommendation | Application | |
---|---|---|
1. Silver Epoxy | ≤1.5 watt/sq inch | Commercial Heaters |
2. Silver Epoxy with Copper Strip | ≤2.0 watt/sq inch | Commercial/Industrial |
3. Sputtered Cr/Ni/Au | 1 – 10 watt/sq inch | Avionics, Ruggedized |
4. Silver Frit | 2.5 – 5 watt/sq inch | Commercial/ Industrial |
Heater Resistance (R) =
|
E2 | (Voltage, in Volts) |
P | (Power, in Watts) |
Resistivity ( ρ )
|
= | L x R |
W |
L = Length (either inch or cm) | W= Width (either inch or cm) |
R = Heater Resistance (ohms) | ρ = Resistivity (ohms/sq.) |